What Does The Skin Need?

Dock Pharmacy - Your Health Our Concern

You probably heard the expression “As soft as a baby’s bottom”. It’s something we invested our youth taking for given and in our adult years hoping for. When we had our soft infant skin, than it had not been exposed to any one of the dangerous environments and also moisture-robbing elements that damages our skin. As we get older every one of our body organs transform and also the skin is no exception to this. With age comes the problem for the skin losing its flexibility and that glowing look since it ends up being thirsty for dampness. The dampness underneath the surface of the skin supplied by the body is no more there.

What The Skin Needs

We need to give the skin the type of moisture it is looking for that actually is smoothing lines and wrinkles. Some of the things that can help are drinking more clean filtered water and increasing the level of omega 3s in your diet. With all the great things we were born with, the natural supply of nutrients declines over time which causes the cracking and creasing of the skin. When it comes to creams most of them don’t do any good because they simply sit on top of the skin. It needs something absorbent into the inner-most layers of the skin that really does its work. It is important for the nutrients being able to penetrate deep beneath the skin; only then a nutrient can begin to hydrate and to rejuvenate your skin from the inside out. The problem with most expensive creams and sera on the market is they don’t tighten, don’t reduce wrinkles, and don’t improve firmness. They may moisturize, but only the top surface of your skin, not really where they should.

Bio Oil Dry Skin Gel is different.

BIO OIL DRY SKIN Gel Review

Bio Oil Dry Skin Gel is a very effective moisturizer for dry skin. The unique formulation of mineral oils, vitamins and plant extracts helps provide a calming and hydrating benefit to the skin. Bio Oil Dry skin Gel helps supplement the skin’s natural oils which can be stripped away by lifestyle and environmental factors.

The mineral oil works both as an emollient, keeping skin soft and smooth, and also as a moisturizer, preventing the development of dry skin. It functions by reducing the rate at which water vapour is naturally lost from the skin’s surface. Mineral oil works together with other base oils in the Bio-Oil formulation to deliver the vitamins (A and E) and plant extracts (Calendula, Rosemary, Lavender and Chamomile oils) to the skin where they can enact their benefits.

The vitamins present in Bio Oil Dry skin gel serve to lock in moisture to the skin. Vitamin A keeps the skin soft and supple while Vitamin E increases the moisture content of the epidermis.

Bio-Oil’s use of plant extracts helps to reduce irritation and inflammation caused by dry skin. Calendula oil can be used to treat dry, sensitive skin. This reduces inflammation and combats irritation caused by dry skin. Lavender and rosemary oils conditions and provide a calming and soothing benefit while also producing mild antiseptic effects. Chamomile oil is an anti-inflammatory and is particularly beneficial for sensitive skin.

Bio-Oil’s, the breakthrough ingredient, PurCellin Oil, acts as an emollient making the skin soft, smooth and supple. What’s more, it is clinically proven to be hypoallergenic and non-comedogenic meaning it is gentle on sensitive skin and won’t block pores. Regular use of Bio Oil Dry Skin Gel will provide lasting relief from dry skin.

Diet plan, Nutrients, Vitamins

To bring your skin back to its all-natural, glowing, healthy appearance is the change to various foods. A point to keep in mind: The filling up on specific skin cleaning creams and moisturizer is not going to have a big effect unless you make some modifications to your diet regimen as well. What is necessary is a diet plan rich in bioflavonoids, nutrients that include vitamins, A, B 3, C and D also omega 3, selenium, lutein, lycopene gallate and much more. Only then you will build the required groundwork and foundation for a healthy and balanced, radiant looking skin. Making use of the appropriate active ingredients in your diet plan can give beneficial protection against skin condition, rashes as well as also skin cancer cells.

Vitamin D.

Something much more on that really crucial vitamin D. Scientific evidence reveals vitamin D is a potent system booster and also antioxidant, as a result also crucial for the skin. Unfortunately many people are not obtaining sufficient of this vitamin which is so important to our wellness. Vitamin D is stemmed from the sun when UV rays make contact with your skin. This has in fact shown the opposite effect as often asserted concerning skin cancer cells, although good sense profiles. A short period of direct exposure to the sunlight in the beginning, and also gradually degree that time if you wish, is a secure means of doing so. The even more skin you reveal to the sun the quicker the vitamin D consumption will certainly occur. In some cases twenty mins on a daily basis can be sufficient to reach your target. Many risks of health problem even skin cancer is not upcoming if your defense of your immune system is strong which associates with an excellent healthy diet. According to research study vitamin B 3 (Nicotinamide) might likewise protect those who are prone to skin cancer cells.

Skin Wreckers.

Prevent the many skin wreckers like refined foods, sugary beverages, excessive alcohol, as well as prevent most of the skin creams on the market which likewise consists of sunlight creams. The majority of creams and also lotions consist of chemicals and toxins which will certainly harm the skin in time.

If you want to put a stop on aging use only creams with natural ingredients that nature has provided and has to offer, like Aveeno Cream range

No benefit in wasting time and money on products that are only half the quality and don’t deliver what they promise. Number one priority is always the diet first. Only than if you use natural skin care products, such as anti-aging systems consisting of infusion and defense will bring that difference to your skin you are looking for.

The post What Does The Skin Need? appeared first on Dock Pharmacy.

https://www.dockpharmacy.com/2018/11/07/what-does-the-skin-need/

Dock Pharmacy - Your Health Our Concern

What Is GAD, Generalised Anxiety Disorder?

Gad ( Generalised Anxiety Disorder ) is a long-term condition that causes you to feel anxious about a wide range of situation and issues, rather than one specific event.

it is thought to affect 5% of the UK population and is more common in people aged between 35 and 59.

When Should You See Your GP?

If you have GAD you will feel anxious most days and often struggle to remember the last time you felt relaxed. You will have a variety of symptoms which may include feeling worried, a sense of dread, having trouble concentrating and /or sleeping, dizziness or heart palpitations. If these symptoms are affecting your daily life or causing you distress you should arrange a visit to your GP.

What Causes GAD?

The exact cause of GAD isn’t fully understood but is likely to be a combination of several factors. Research has suggested this may include:

• Overactivity in areas of the brain involved in emotions and behavior.
• An imbalance of the brain chemicals serotonin and noradrenaline which are involved in the control of mood.
• The genes that are inherited from traumatic experiences
• A history of a painful long-term health condition like arthritis
• A history of drug or alcohol abuse

But many people develop GAD for no apparent reason.

What treatments are available For GAD?

Psychologist talking with patients suffering from an anxiety disorder

1) Anxiety Self Help

At first, your GP may suggest trying a self-help course for a month or two to see if you can learn to cope with your anxiety. This usually involves working from a book or computer programme on your own with occasional contact with your GP.

You may prefer to join a group with similar problems to meet with a therapist every week to learn ways to tackle your anxiety. If these initial treatments don’t work, you may be offered a more intense psychological treatment or medication.

2) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ( CBT )

CBT is one of the most effective treatments for GAD. CBT helps you to understand how your problems, thoughts, feeling, and behavior affects each other. CBT usually involves meeting with a specially trained therapist for a one-hour session every week for three to four months.

3) Mindfulness

This is an alternate type of psychological treatment that can be as effective as CBT in treating GAD. Mindfulness works by focusing your awareness on the present moment and by acknowledging and accepting certain feelings. Being mindful can reduce anxiety caused by the fear of actual situations or sensation or anticipated ones. It helps to counter the sense of tunnel vision that may develop during anxiety.

4)  Applied relaxation

Applied relaxation focuses on relaxing your muscles in a particular way during the situations that usually cause anxiety. This technique needs to be taught by a trained therapist and usually means meeting with a therapist for a one hour season every week for three to four months.

5) Medication

• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) ( Prozac )- these increase the level of serotonin in your brain and can be taken on a long-term basis though they may take several weeks to work.
• Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI) Venlafaxine –  which increase the amount of serotonin and noradrenaline in your brain
• Pregabalin which is an anticonvulsant but can help in treating anxiety.
• Benzodiazepines which can ease your symptoms within 30  to 90 minutes but they cannot be used for long periods as they lose their effectiveness and are addictive.

If you are still feeling anxious after trying all these treatments, you may want to discuss with your GP whether you should be referred to a mental health specialist.

The post What Is GAD, Generalised Anxiety Disorder appeared first on Dock Pharmacy.

https://www.dockpharmacy.com/2018/11/21/what-is-gad-generalised-anxiety-disorder/

Dock Pharmacy - Your Health Our Concern

The Truth About Weight Loss Pills – Do The Ingredients In These Pills Work?

A quick weight loss is a majority’s dream, but is it a possibility? The alarming increase in obese individuals has created a huge demand for products that offer a quick solution to weight issues. For the past few years, weight loss pills have been ruling the markets. But do they actually work? Well, this is what we are going to find out in this article…

How Do The Ingredients In These Pills Work?

The pills are formulations of several vitamins, minerals, and herbs and work on each part of the body in a different way to remove excess fat and tone them. Here is a list of some of the main ingredients present in these pills –

Chromium – This mineral has been proven to adjust insulin in our bodies. When insulin is present in the right amounts, it helps in burning body fat and building muscle quickly. But this element does not reduce your body weight.

Bitter Orange – Bitter orange contains chemicals that are effective in suppressing hunger. This causes our body to burn the existing fat to produce energy that is needed to keep our system running. But the long-term use of these stimulants has shown t lead to ailments such as heart attack, high blood pressure, and even death.

Hoodia – It is a cactus-like plant which also functions like the Bitter orange to suppress hunger and increase metabolism.

Guar gum – This ingredient prevents the absorption of fat and leaves you feeling full for a longer period. But it does not cause weight loss directly.

Raspberry Ketones – Raspberry ketone is a chemical from red raspberries, as well as kiwifruit and peaches.  Scientific studies in vitro have shown that it affects a hormone in the body called adiponectin. Adiponectin can increase the rate at which the body burns fat and reduce appetite.

African Mango – African Mango is high in Soluble Fibre and flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol, which have antioxidant properties.

mechanism of Action:

African mango seeds have high amounts of soluble fiber. Soluble fibers are “bulk-forming,” meaning that they delay the rate by which food exits the stomach, leading to a gradual absorption of sugars. This decreases the elevated blood glucose level after a meal.

African mango seed extract can suppress fat production by:

• Reducing the activity of the protein PPAR, which promotes weight gain
• Increasing adiponectin, a protein hormone involved in fat breakdown and glucose control
• Reversing leptin resistance, a factor that can lead to obesity

African Mango significantly decreases body weight, body fat (20.1%) and waistline circumference.

Green Coffee Bean – Green Coffe Bean contains antioxidants and a substance called Chlorogenic Acid, which are both believed to be responsible for the weight loss effects. Chlorogenic acid reduces body weight, reduce fat absorbed from the diet, reduce fat stored in the liver and improve the function of the fat burning hormone adiponectin

Garcinia Cambogia  –  a tropical fruit also known as the Malabar tamarind. The active ingredient in the fruit’s rind, hydroxycitric acid, or HCA, which has boosted fat-burning and cut back appetite in recent studies. HCL appears to block an enzyme called citrate lyase, which your body uses to make fat. Hydroxycitric Acid also raises levels of the brain chemical serotonin. Serotonin is involved in appetite and digestion (bowel function and bowel movements) which may make you feel less hungry.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) – Linoleic acid is the most common omega-6 fatty acid which is a trans fat. In in-vitro studies, it is shown that CLA reduces body fat and increase muscle mass.

Which Quick Weight Loss Pills Are The Most Effective?

Since the formulations are altered for different brands, it can be confusing for consumers to find the most effective pills. Each ingredient present in these pills has been proven to help lose weight. But do they deliver the same results when combined in different ways? This is something only a pharmacist can tell. Therefore instead of randomly picking up any weight loss pill, speak with your doctor, dietician or a pharmacist to find out the formulation that would work best for you.

How to use these pills?

To see the desired results when you use it, you need to make sure that you lose more calories than you take in. As you read above most of the ingredients in such drugs, suppress your hunger and don’t directly cause any weight-loss. So to lose weight, you will need to burn fat by working out and maintaining a healthy diet.

A nutritious diet consisting of sufficient vitamins and minerals, and essential fats, when clubbed with a useful exercise program, will deliver quick and significant results when you are using fast weight loss pills. As with all good things in life, moderation and balance are the key to a healthier life.

In short, quick weight loss pills are excellent supplements that can aid in losing excess weight. But you will have to discuss and devise a healthy diet plan and exercise program with your dietician to ensure that you are not consuming excess calories and are burning the excess.

The post The Truth About Weight Loss Pills – Do The Ingredients In These Pills Work? appeared first on Dock Pharmacy.

https://www.dockpharmacy.com/2018/11/19/the-truth-about-weight-loss-pills-do-the-ingredients-in-these-pills-work/

Don Just Take A Pain-Killer And Carry On Listen To Your Body

Dock Pharmacy - Your Health Our Concern

Don’t Just Take A Pain-Killer And Carry On – Listen To Your Body

Almost everyone gets a headache from time to time and an occasional mild headache is no real cause for concern. However, if your headaches start to occur more frequently, don’t take painkillers it is a warning sign that you need to make some changes in your life.

Probably these are things you really already know, such as you should get more sleep, exercise more, make more time for relaxation, modify your diet, drink more fluids and so on. Perhaps your posture is a problem or a stuffy office environment.

However, if you are like most people, you ignore this warning. Instead, you just put up with the pain until it goes away and then continues on with your life as before. But if you don’t do anything to correct the factors that are provoking your headaches, they will eventually return.

What would you do if the pain starts to get much worse than before? Most people would take some sort of over-the-counter (OTC) painkiller and again ignore the warning signs. However, this is a bit like turning up the car radio so you can’t hear the strange noise in the engine – it is likely to lead to problems further down the track.

It is easy to become trapped in a vicious cycle of ever-worsening headache attacks and increasing reliance on painkillers to get through your week.

If this cycle continues for long enough you may end up with “rebound/medication overuse headache”. You are much more at risk of this happening if you tend to take a pain-killer when you don’t have a headache “in case” you get one.

Rebound/medication overuse headache is a well-known effect of regular long-term use of all the common OTC and prescription pain-killers for headache pain. The trouble is that, to you, it won’t look like it is the pain-killers that are actually causing your pain. It will just seem like your headaches are happening much more often than they used to.

Perhaps you now start to avoid various activities in case they provoke an attack. Unfortunately, this fear and anxiety can make headache attacks more likely and the pain a lot worse, so it tends to become a self-fulfilling prophecy.

If you have always suffered from severe episodes of a migraine you need to be especially careful to avoid the medication overuse trap.

You also need to be aware of the very real possibility of side effects. All medications, including OTC medications, have side effects and these become more likely with prolonged use or high dosages. Just because you can purchase a medication without a prescription doesn’t make it harmless.

Serious side effects of long-term use of OTC and prescription pain-killers include gastrointestinal tract bleeding and ulcers, and irreversible damage to the liver and kidneys which in some instances can be fatal. These side effects can sometimes occur even if the recommended dose is not exceeded.

So don’t ignore the warning signs that your body is providing you. The worst thing you can do is hope that your pain goes away or even worse become reliant on pain-killers for relief. The only way to overcome your headache and migraine pain is correct the factors that provoke your pain.

The post Don’t Just Take A Pain-Killer And Carry On – Listen To Your Body appeared first on Dock Pharmacy.

https://www.dockpharmacy.com/2018/12/07/dont-just-take-a-pain-killer-and-carry-on-listen-to-your-body/

Looking for a Solution to Avoid Mouth Breathing and Sinus Pain? Here the Key

Dock Pharmacy - Your Health Our Concern

Looking for a Solution to Avoid Mouth Breathing and Sinus Pain? Here’s the Key

Do you breathe through your nose or is it mouth breathing? How important is a good night’s sleep for you? From looking fresh to avoiding dark circles or digestion problems, a good night’s sleep plays a major role in the right functioning of your body and keeping the health hazards away. Can you imagine your sleep being interrupted by the playful sinus pain? It really isn’t easy to sleep if your sinuses start acting up.

The petite air-filled parts on your face and the façade of your skull are Sinuses. The exact function of this part is still not known. However, some floating ideas suggest sinus acts as the cushion protection if your face suffers any trauma. Apart from providing a unique vocal tone to every individual, it also warms the flow of air moving to your lungs.

Lined by the mucus, sinuses are connected to your nasal path by little tubes. When infected or there is a nasal congestion, the sinus existence in your anatomy can be clearly known. Sinus congestion can lead to severe breathing problem. Everything that aggravates your mouth breathing averts your nose from filtering, warming, and moisturizing the air you inhale and can affect your sleep quality.

Symptoms of  Sinus Infection

Opening your mouth while asleep is a common practice at some point in time. But, your nasal passage must be clear in order to continue the free-flowing and incessant exchange of air within the sinuses while breathing through your nose. If you have an unclear nasal passage, the unpleasant symptoms of sinus infection are-

· The swelled tissues in the nose leading to stuffiness and thick nasal secretion

· The thickened mucous flowing from the nasal passage to the throat that is the post nasal drip, an acute cause of irritation for sinusitis patients

· Smelly breath with loss of smell or taste due to the stagnant mucous and thus, bacteria

· Sinus pressure and severe pain at the top of the nasal area

· Dental Infection or flu virus can be the cause of viral sinus congestion

· Mouth breathing, one of the major symptoms

· Nasal cyst or polyps growth

Get Rid of Sinus Pressure

There are ways like sinus surgery where the contaminated sinus tissue is removed to improve the normal drainage networks by creating a path for the diseased material to flow out from the sinus cavities. But, such surgeries need a lot of care, attention, and follow-up post operation. Failure to do so can result in disappointment.

The mouth breathing usually becomes a habit, stopping the movement of air through the sinus and nasal channels. Even, post surgeries it becomes difficult to recover and change the age-old practice.

If you usually breathe through your mouth during night averting the ventilation of the sinuses causing sinus pressure, try correcting it using products that keep your lips together throughout the night. It does not only enhance your appearance while you are sleeping but also, helps in reducing nasal congestion.

Sinus Pain Remedy

Such products are a lucrative option, priced at a nominal rate. It releases the blocked sinuses and also controls the morning nose stuffiness problem keeping sinus pain at bay. Today, you can find a number of options to control your mouth breathing problem in the online pharmacy. There are a number of offers and vouchers available when you are buying such products online, which makes your buying all the more reasonable.

Nasal congestion or mouth breathing problem at night is a kind of serious problem that leads to numerous health issues. Before following the lengthy and expensive procedures of treating your disease, it is always advisable to use the products available in the market to remove the origin of the problem of mouth breathing that causes all the ailments.

The post Looking for a Solution to Avoid Mouth Breathing and Sinus Pain? Here’s the Key appeared first on Dock Pharmacy.

https://www.dockpharmacy.com/2018/12/07/looking-for-a-solution-to-avoid-mouth-breathing-and-sinus-pain-heres-the-key/

Dock Pharmacy - Your Health Our Concern

6 Top Tips for Keeping Your Eyes Healthy This Winter

Keeping your eyes healthy this winter is important as autumn seems to be fading out and the cold, darker days of winter are approaching fast. We all know to wrap up warm and how to keep our bodies well in winter but many of us forget to pay attention to our eyes and how the harsh winter conditions can affect your eyes. Here are some simple easy top tips for keeping your eyes healthy and giving your eyes some TLC this winter.

1. Protect Your Eyes Against the Sun

You might have already put away your sunglasses for next summer but they should be worn all year around. Snow and ice reflect the sun’s UV rays whether you are walking around, skiing or driving. Overexposure to UV rays over a long time can put your eyes at risk from such diseases as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. Also, glare caused by the sun on icy roads can make it harder to see, so you should also make sure you have a pair of sunglasses handy in your car and these should be prescription sunglasses if you wear prescription glasses. Make sure you have regular checks with an eye doctor or eye clinic to keep your glasses and sunglasses up to date.

2. Humidify To Prevent Dry Eye Syndrome

During the winter months, the air is dryer and the humidity in your home can drop. This dryness can cause your eyes to become dry, or dryer if you already suffer from a dry eye syndrome. A good way to combat this dry air to is to use a humidifier in your home.

3. Keep Hydrated

Even a slight bit of dehydration can impact the dryness of the eyes and during the winter months the cold can change the body’s thirst cycle and central heating can dry the eyes out even more. Try to increase your fluid intake by drinking water, soup, decaffeinated teas and even eating more fruits and vegetables with a high water content.

4. Don’t Dry Your Eyes

There are a lot of things you may do in winter that dry out your eyes and these things can be avoided. Try to reduce the high temperate of your central heating if possible, having high heat can cause your tears to evaporate more quickly. Also, if you use a blower heater, such as in the car, try to direct the airflow away from your face or try to warm up using a seat warmer for example. Having dry heat blowing directly in your eyes severely dries them out unnecessary. When you are in a dry environment that you are unable to change the temperate of, such as in an office, make sure you blink plenty to keep your eyes lubricated and use artificial tears if needed. Your ophthalmologist can advise what type of artificial tears are better for you.

5. Watering Eyes?

Many people in the winter months suffer from watery eyes, this can be due to the cold and windy environment. If you go outside and it is very cold and/or windy wear some protective glasses to help and if it is sunny too your sunglasses will help with the cold and wind. For some people overwatering eyes can be a symptom of an infection or blocked tear duct, so if you do have any concerns get an appointment at your local eye clinic.

6. Your Eyes Are Tired!

In the winter months, there is less natural light which can make certain activities harder, such as reading and writing. This can cause eyestrain which in turn can make your eyes feel tired quicker than normal. If you do find your eyes struggling in low light conditions you could get a lamp and put it close to you while you are carrying out those activities, and always wear glasses if you have been advised to do so by your eye doctor or clinic.

Related Topic

Top Tips To Keep Your Hair Healthy In Winter

The post 6 Top Tips for Keeping Your Eyes Healthy This Winter appeared first on Dock Pharmacy.

https://www.dockpharmacy.com/2018/12/14/6-top-tips-for-keeping-your-eyes-healthy-this-winter/

Dock Pharmacy - Your Health Our Concern

Tips to Keep Your Hair Healthy in Winter

Winter months are coming! And with the arrival of completely dry, chilly winds comes the need to increase the treatment of your hair! As you understand, that the icy winds, cooler days and also snowy evenings will make your hair dry, boring and breakable, it is the about time you take on a couple of guidelines as well as keep your hair risk-free & shiny.

It holds true that everyone’s hair is different, however, there are some suggestions that are applicable to all! Want to know? Right here are some of the best hair treatment tips simply for you:-.

• Deep Conditioning! The very best means to maintain your hair nourished throughout winter months is to provide a deep conditioning treatment at least when a week. This is needed to retain moisture in your hair and keep them healthy and balanced throughout!

• Avoid washing your hair each day! In wintertime, the important point is to maintain your moisturizing. When you clean your hair or provide warm therapies, they get dry. So, to stop your hair from drying, restrict the variety of times you wash your hair. It is normal to wash two times a week. In other words, wash your hair just when they obtain dirty.
• Don’t Use Hot water! Always wash your hair with warm or cool water, never wash with hot water. This is because hot water can dry your hair and make them washed-out.
• Apply Hair Serum! Make use of a hair product or lotion to keep dampness in your hairs.

• Keep Your Hair Covered! Just like your body, your hair additionally requires security. Always wrap your hair in a silk scarf or use a hat while going out!
• Stay Simple! Avoid use way too many styling tools and also chemical dyes throughout wintertime. Instead of curling or correcting your hairs, try out a reduced braid or a loose bun.
• Buy a Humidifier! Considering that the completely dry, chilly air makes the hair frizzy as well as dry, buying a humidifier is a fantastic option. The humidifier keeps your body out of dryness and therefore, make them shiny for a longer duration.
• Drink Lots of Water! This is a must-apply thing when it is about keeping your hair shiny throughout winter. Actually, the dry scalp causes dandruff, hair roughness, and various other such issues. So, it is excellent to maintain the scalp in addition to hair hydrated by consuming alcohol a lot of water. As well as the plus point of this is that it will certainly maintain your skin young and attractive also.
• Nutritional Diet Plan! To make your hair shiny, eat a balanced diet including eggs, spinach, sprouts, and walnuts.
• Trimming! In wintertime, individuals are discovered to be extra whining concerning damaged hair and also split ends.

This split ends, if not treated can mess up the appearance in addition to the wellness of your hairs. So, it is much better to get your hair cut as soon as in every two months. This will offer you healthy and balanced, lengthy hair without split-ends.

The post Tips to Keep Your Hair Healthy in Winter appeared first on Dock Pharmacy.

https://www.dockpharmacy.com/2018/11/03/tips-to-keep-your-hair-healthy-in-winter/